Understanding Medical Surgical Nursing 5th Edition By Lind, Paula D. Hopper – Test Bank

Chapter 11. Nursing Care of Patients With Cancer
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B
B. Specific regions of DNA are called genes; a gene is the code for one protein. The genetic code of DNA is the code for the amino acid sequences needed to synthesize a cell’s proteins. C. A complimentary copy of the DNA’s gene is made by a molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA). A. The mRNA then moves to the cytoplasm of the cell and attaches to the ribosomes. D. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the necessary amino acids to the proper places on the mRNA molecule, and enzymes of the ribosomes catalyze the formation of peptide bonds to link the amino acids into the primary structure of a protein.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Application

2. ANS: D
D. Chemotherapy is toxic to the bone marrow, where the blood cells are produced. Numbers of blood cells, especially WBCs, drop after approximately 7 to 14 days, depending on the drug. A. Chemotherapy is more likely to cause bleeding because of lack of platelets, not thrombosis. B. Chemotherapy does not directly attack WBCs. C. Chemotherapy does not cause proliferation of cells, although excess immature cells may be present.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Application

3. ANS: A
A. Diet is a large factor in both cause and prevention of malignancies. People who eat high-fat, low-fiber diets are more prone to develop colon cancers. High-fat diets are linked to breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. B. Reduced salt intake reduces blood pressure and fluid retention, not cancer. C. D. Increased intake of milk, beef, and poultry will not lower cancer risk.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance | Cognitive Level: Application

4. ANS: A
A. Cancer cells affecting connective tissue, including fat, the sheath that contains nerves, cartilage, muscle, and bone, are called sarcomas. B. Osteomas are benign. C. Adenomas originate from glandular tissue. D. Neoplasms occurring in the epithelial cells are called carcinomas.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment—Management of Care | Cognitive Level: Application

5. ANS: A
A. Hypercalcemia is associated with the release of calcium into the blood from bone deterioration related to metastasis and is common in patients with metastasis; it often occurs with breast cancer. B. A drop in calcium level does not indicate bone metastasis. C. D. Potassium imbalances are not commonly associated with metastasis.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Analysis

6. ANS: B
B. Needle aspiration biopsy involves insertion of a needle into tissue for fluid or tissue aspiration. A. C. A needle biopsy is done for diagnostic purposes, not to inject chemotherapy. D. An incision is not made in a needle biopsy.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Analysis

7. ANS: B
B. Radiation can be used before surgery to decrease the size of a large tumor. A. Radiation before surgery does not reduce the need for chemotherapy. C. Radiation before surgery does not reduce the need for radiation after the surgery. D. Radiation before surgery does not reduce the spread of cancer cells during the surgery.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Application

8. ANS: A
A. PSA is a tumor marker. Tumor markers, also called biochemical markers, are proteins, antigens, genes, hormones, and enzymes produced and secreted by tumor cells. Tumor markers help confirm a diagnosis of cancer, detect cancer origin, monitor the effect of cancer therapy, and determine cancer remission. B. The PSA level does not determine if the cancer has spread to a new site. C. PSA may monitor effectiveness of treatment, but it does not monitor blood levels of chemotherapy. D. The PSA level does not view cancer cells to monitor the progression of cancer.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Reduction of Risk Potential | Cognitive Level: Application

9. ANS: B
B. The TNM staging system classifies solid tumors by size and tissue involvement. TNM stages are T0 (no tumor), TIS (tumor in situ, no invasion of other tissues), and T1 through T4 (progressive increase in tumor size or involvement). A. Metastasis is described as M0, no metastasis, to M1, metastasis to some area. C. Extent of lymph node involvement ranges from N0, no nodes, to N4, a large amount of lymph node involvement. D. There is no designation for a tumor being between two tissues.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application

10. ANS: B
B. The goals of palliative surgery are to increase comfort and quality of life. A. Reconstructive surgery can be done for cosmetic enhancement or for return of function of a body part. C. D. It is not done to treat or cure the cancer.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Basic Care and Comfort | Cognitive Level: Application

11. ANS: B
B. Dry mouth is called xerostomia. A. Halitosis is bad breath. C. Stomatitis is an inflammation. D. Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing.

PTS: 1 DIF: Moderate
KEY: Client Need: Physiological Integrity—Physiological Adaptation | Cognitive Level: Application