Understanding Anatomy and Physiology A Visual Auditory Interactive Approach 2nd Edition By Thompson – Test Bank
Chapter 16: Lymphatic & Immune Systems
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Besides immunity, what other function does the lymphatic system serve?
a. Fluid balance
b. Electrolyte balance
c. Regulation of body temperature
d. Prevents cancer cells from spreading
ANS: A
One of the roles of the lymphatic system is to absorb fluid that continually seeps out of capillaries and return it to the bloodstream. It does not play a role in electrolyte balance or the regulation of body temperature. The lymphatic system does not prevent the spread of cancer cells. Rather, cancer often spreads via the lymphatic system.
PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 316 KEY: REMEMBERING
Lymph differs from plasma in that lymph has
a. a lower glucose content.
b. a higher glucose content.
c. a lower protein content.
d. a higher protein content.
ANS: C
Lymph has a lower protein content than plasma does.
PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 316 KEY: REMEMBERING
Which of the following statements about lymphatic vessels is correct?
a. Lymphatic vessels originate at the terminal ends of capillaries.
b. Lymphatic vessels have valves.
c. Lymphatic vessels consist of tightly joined epithelial cells.
d. Fluid moves through lymphatic vessels away from tissues and toward the heart.
ANS: B
Lymphatic vessels have valves to prevent backflow, ensuring that lymph moves steadily away from the tissues and toward the heart. The vessels originate as blind-ended vessels in tissue spaces. They consist of loosely overlapped epithelial cells. The fluid flows one direction: away from tissues and toward the heart.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 316 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
Which of the following aids in the movement of lymphatic fluid?
a. The beating of the heart
b. Pulsations within nearby veins and capillaries
c. Contractions of skeletal muscles
d. Beating of cilia within lymphatic vessels
ANS: C
Lymphatic fluid moves passively, aided by contractions within the lymphatic vessels themselves (not that of nearby veins or capillaries); this flow is aided further by the contraction of skeletal muscles. The beating of the heart does not influence capillary flow. Lymphatic vessels do not contain cilia.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 317 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
Which of the following is a primary lymphatic organ?
a. Thymus
b. Tonsils
c. Spleen
d. Lymph nodes
ANS: A
Red bone marrow and the thymus are called primary lymphatic organs. The tonsils, spleen, and lymph nodes are secondary lymphatic organs.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 318 KEY: REMEMBERING
Lymph from the left arm drains into the
a. superior vena cava.
b. inferior vena cava.
c. right subclavian vein.
d. left subclavian vein.
ANS: D
The thoracic duct drains lymph from the lower body and left side of the upper body into the left subclavian vein.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 318 KEY: APPLYING
T lymphocytes are “trained” to recognize foreign cells in the
a. red bone marrow.
b. spleen.
c. bloodstream.
d. thymus.
ANS: D
T lymphocytes travel from red bone marrow to the thymus. There, they divide and mature. They are also “trained” to distinguish between the cells of the host body and foreign cells.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 318 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
What is a primary function of lymph nodes?
a. Remove pathogens from the blood
b. Remove pathogens from lymph
c. Separate lymphatic fluid from plasma
d. Destroy old red blood cells
ANS: B
As lymph flows along its course, it passes through multiple lymph nodes, which remove pathogens and foreign material. Blood does not flow through lymph nodes. Lymphatic fluid originates in tissue spaces as the fluid leftover after capillary exchange; it is not separated from plasma in lymph nodes. One of the functions of the spleen—not lymph nodes— is to destroy old red blood cells.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 319 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
Which part of the lymph node forms and releases lymphocytes when an infection is present?
a. Trabeculae
b. Cortical nodules
c. Sinuses
d. Germinal centers
ANS: D
Germinal centers, which are at the center of cortical nodules, form and release lymphocytes when an infection is present. Trabeculae consist of connective tissue that divides the node into compartments. Sinuses are lines with macrophages; lymph flows through the sinuses in the process of being filtered.
PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 319 KEY: UNDERSTANDING
A patient is undergoing treatment for breast cancer. After surgery, the pathology report shows the presence of cancer cells in the axillary lymph nodes. What is the most probable explanation for this finding?
a. This is a good finding because it shows that the lymph nodes are doing their job to remove cancerous cells from the bloodstream.
b. This finding confirms that the cancer began in the lymph nodes and spread to the breast.
c. This is a good finding because the presence of the cancer cells allows the lymph nodes to release phagocytic white blood cells targeted specifically to the cancer cell.
d. This finding indicates that cancer cells may have spread to other parts of the body.
ANS: D
When cancerous cells break free of the original tumor, they often enter the lymphatic capillaries and travel to the nearest lymph node. There, the cells multiply and often break off and travel to the next node and other parts of the body. The lymph nodes don’t simply remove cancer cells from the body; the cells multiply within the node and eventually destroy the node. The cancer did not begin in the lymph node. The lymph node does not release phagocytic cells specific to the cancer cell.
PTS: 1 DIF: D REF: 320 KEY: ANALYZING
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