Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing ,4th Edition by Frisch, Noreen Cavan, Frisch, Lawrence E. – Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A crisis results in psychiatric problems when:
a. adversity occurs
b. coping mechanisms fail
c. unpredictable events occur
d. stress is experienced

ANS: B
A crisis can turn into psychiatric problems when an individual’s normal coping mechanisms fail. Because of the challenge that the crisis presents, the person is called to adjust to the unexpected and to adapt to a situation or event that is unpredictable. When the person is unable to meet the challenge through normal coping mechanisms, a crisis ensues.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension REF: Competencies

2. A crisis is BEST defined as which of the following?
a. unexpected life demand
b. turning point
c. negative or positive event
d. a time of bad luck

ANS: B
The Oxford English Dictionary (1989) defines crisis as the turning point in a disease, the decisive stage in the progress of anything, a state of affairs in which change for the better or worse is imminent. The original use of the term was for a turning point in an illness. The other options could be true of a crisis, but turning point is the best definition.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: What Is Crisis?

3. A family is staying overnight in a resort area. In the morning, they discover that their automobile has been stolen. Most of their luggage and money was left in the car, so they have little clothing or money. This family is experiencing which of the following types of crisis?
a. community crisis
b. maturational crisis
c. cultural crisis
d. situational crisis

ANS: D
The loss of their automobile, luggage, and clothing can be seen as a situational crisis. This type of crisis is any event that poses a threat or challenge to an individual or family. A community crisis is a crisis of a proportion to affect an entire community of people. A maturational crisis is a stage in a person’s life where adjustment and adaptation to new responsibilities and life patterns are necessary. A cultural crisis is a situation where a person experiences culture shock in the process of adapting or adjusting to a new culture or returning to one’s own culture after being assimilated into another.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension
REF: What Is Crisis?| Kinds of Crisis

4. A young adult woman who was born in Central America and spoke only Spanish emigrated to the United States and lived with Spanish-speaking cousins. This young woman enrolled in a local college. After graduation, she married and later gave birth to a child. Which of the following would MOST likely have been a cultural crisis for this young woman?
a. attending college and speaking English
b. getting married and the relationship
c. living with her cousins
d. having her first child

ANS: A
Attending college and speaking English would most likely cause the woman to experience a cultural crisis because she was originally from Central America and spoke only Spanish. By definition a cultural crisis is a situation where a person experiences culture shock in the process of adapting or adjusting to a new culture.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension
REF: What Is Crisis?| Kinds of Crisis

5. Which of the following events has the potential for creating a maturational crisis?
a. an earthquake in Los Angeles
b. becoming an adolescent
c. winning the lottery
d. getting a divorce

ANS: B
Becoming an adolescent has the potential for creating a maturational crisis. Adolescence is a period in the individual’s life where adjustments and adaptation to new responsibilities and life patterns are necessary. Making the transition from adolescence to adulthood can be very stressful. An earthquake is an example of a community crisis; winning the lottery or getting a divorce are examples of a situational crises.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension
REF: What Is Crisis?| Kinds of Crisis

6. When the river flooded several small towns, leaving people homeless and making travel difficult, this type of crisis would MOST likely be described as which of the following types of crisis?
a. maturational
b. situational
c. community
d. cultural

ANS: C
When the river flooded, it affected the entire community: therefore it would be considered a community crisis. A situational crisis is any event that poses a threat or challenge to an individual or family. A maturational crisis is a stage in a person’s life where adjustment and adaptation to new responsibilities and life patterns are necessary. A cultural crisis is a situation where a person experiences culture shock in the process of adapting or adjusting to a new culture or returning to one’s own culture after being assimilated into another.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension
REF: What Is Crisis?| Kinds of Crisis

7. A maturational crisis can occur at any time during the life cycle. The key task for the nurse providing intervention to a client who is experiencing a maturational crisis is to:
a. discuss the current crisis with the family members
b. support the client’s adaptive defense mechanisms
c. challenge the client’s defense mechanisms
d. explore the client’s past psychological history

ANS: B
A priority intervention for the nurse when caring for an individual experiencing a maturational crisis is to support the client’s adaptive defense mechanisms. This support will facilitate the individual’s return to a precrisis level of functioning.

PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: What Is Crisis?| Kinds of Crisis

8. Older adolescents typically become more distressed in a crisis situation when:
a. their access to mother is limited
b. siblings are upset with them
c. interactions with their peer group are disrupted
d. contact with their church group is limited

ANS: C
Older adolescents are particularly distressed when their interactions with their peer group are disrupted. For the adolescent, the peer group serves as the major form of a support system.

PTS: 1 DIF: Comprehension
REF: What Is Crisis?| Personal Development and Crisis

9. The three stages of Hans Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome are:
a. fight, flight, norming
b. shock, resistance, fatigue
c. alarm, resistance, exhaustion
d. shock, countershock, homeostasis

ANS: C
Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome includes three major stages. The individual’s initial response involves an alarm reaction, then a stage of resistance, and a final stage of exhaustion. The first and third stages are broken down further to include shock and countershock.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: What Is Crisis?| Stress Theory

10. In Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model (1980), the person is seen as having component parts that are:
a. internal and external
b. biopsychosocial
c. physical and cognitive
d. psychophysical

ANS: B
According to Roy, the person is seen as having component parts. These parts are biopsychosocial components. Health is defined in terms of an equilibrium or balance between the parts that promotes harmony or adjustment.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Nursing Theory and Crisis| Adaptation Theories

11. Erickson and colleagues introduced the Adaptive Potential Assessment Model that described three states of coping potential as:
a. stress, adaptation, maladaptation
b. impoverishment, nourishment, starvation
c. imbalance, homeostasis, balance
d. arousal, equilibrium, and impoverishment

ANS: D
The Adaptive Potential Assessment Model described three stages of coping potential. These states are arousal, equilibrium, and impoverishment. In arousal the person has coping resources, whereas in impoverishent the resources are depleted.

PTS: 1 DIF: Knowledge REF: Nursing Theory and Crisis| Adaptation Theories