Principles Of Anatomy & Physiology 14th Edition By Gerard J Tortora – Test Bank

Chapter Number: 11

Question type: Multiple Choice

1) Most muscles cross at least one

a) tendon
b) joint
c) bone
d) ligament
e) body plane

Answer: b

Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.1 Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in producing body movements.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

2) The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone is called the _____; the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone is called the _____.

a) origin, action
b) insertion, action
c) origin, insertion
d) insertion, origin
e) insertion, action

Answer: c

Difficulty: Easy
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.1 Describe the relationship between bones and skeletal muscles in producing body movements.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

3) A lever is acted on at two different points by two different forces which are called the

a) fulcrum and resistance.
b) leverage and load.
c) lever and resistance.
d) effort and load.
e) lever and effort.

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

4) Motion will occur in a muscle when the _____ supplied exceeds the _____.

a) effort, load
b) resistance, lever
c) load, effort
d) load, resistance
e) lever, effort

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

Question type: Essay

5) With reference to the effort and load, describe the main difference between a lever operating with a mechanical advantage versus a lever operating at a mechanical disadvantage.

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements
Solution: A lever operates at a mechanical advantage when a smaller effort can move a heavier load. The effort moves a greater distance at a faster rate than the load. A lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage when a larger effort moves a lighter load. The effort moves more slowly and for a shorter distance than the load.

6) Briefly describe the three categories of levers based on the position of their fulcrum. Give an example of each type of lever and state whether the lever works at a mechanical advantage, disadvantage or both.

Answer:

Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.2 Define lever and fulcrum, and compare the three types of levers based on location of the fulcrum, effort, and load.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements
Solution: If the fulcrum is between the effort and the load it is a first class lever. Scissors are an example of a first class lever. A first class lever can produce either a mechanical advantage or disadvantage depending on whether the effort or load is closer to the fulcrum. If the load is between the fulcrum and the effort, it is a second class lever. A wheel barrow is an example of a second class lever. They operate at a mechanical advantage because the load is always closer to the fulcrum than the effort. If the effort is between the fulcrum and the load, it is a third class lever. Forceps are an example of a third class lever. They operate at a mechanical disadvantage because the effort is always closer to the fulcrum than the load.

Question type: Multiple Choice

7) Which of the following is NOT a common arrangement of muscle fascicles?

a) pennate
b) triangular
c) oval
d) parallel
e) fusiform

Answer: c

Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.3 Identify the types of fascicle arrangements in a skeletal muscle, and relate the arrangements to strength of contraction and range of motion.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

8) This type of fascicle arrangement has the fascicles spread over a broad area and converges at a thick central tendon.

a) triangular
b) pennate
c) circular
d) fusiform
e) multipennate

Answer: a

Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.3 Identify the types of fascicle arrangements in a skeletal muscle, and relate the arrangements to strength of contraction and range of motion.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

9) The muscle that serves as the “prime mover” during a movement is called the

a) antagonist.
b) agonist.
c) synergist.
d) asynergist.
e) fixator.

Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.4 Explain how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator in a muscle group work together to produce movement.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements

10) This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of the agonist so that it can act more efficiently.

a) synergist
b) agonist
c) antagonist
d) fixator
e) secondary mover

Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium
Study Objective 1: SO 11.1 Describe how skeletal muscles produce movement.
Study Objective 2: SO 11.1.4 Explain how the prime mover, antagonist, synergist, and fixator in a muscle group work together to produce movement.
Section Reference 1: Sec 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements