Campbell Essential Biology With Physiology 4th Edition By Simon – Test Bank

Chapter 10: Human Development across the Life Span

Multiple Choice Questions

10.1-1.  A student is using flashcards to help prepare for a test. On one side of each card, she lists a stage in life span development and on the other side she lists the appropriate age period of the stage. Unfortunately, she has written one incorrectly. Which of the following should she change?

 

1. prenatal / conception to birth
2. early childhood / about 6 to 11 years old

Correct: Early childhood is defined by your author as being from 18 months to about 6 years of age.

1. adolescence / about 11 to 20 years old

Incorrect: Although adolescence can be difficult to define, your author notes that its age range is approximately 11 to 20 years.

1. middle adulthood / about 40 to 65 years old

Difficulty:       1

Page Ref:        261

Topic: Studying Development

Skill:   Applied

Answer: b. early childhood / about 6 to 11 years old

10.1-2.  Which of the following is most likely to be a finding from a normative investigation?

1. Shyness is a personality trait that is relatively stable over time.
2. Children must have a rudimentary understanding of symbolism before they can learn to read.
3. The average child can build a tower of three blocks at the age of 18 months.

Correct: Normative investigations seek to describe a characteristic of a certain age or developmental stage.

1. Attempts at toilet training are futile until the child has voluntary control of the necessary muscles.

Incorrect: While this statement may be correct, it is not something that would be amenable to a normative investigation because it is not specifying an age range for normal skill development.

 

Difficulty:       3

Page Ref:        261

Topic: Studying Development

Skill:   Conceptual

Answer: c. The average child can build a tower of three blocks at the age of 18 months.

% correct  59     a= 22  b= 16  c= 59  d= 2      r = .18

10.1-3.  A woman has been a participant in an ongoing study of intelligence for the past twenty years. Every few years, a researcher tests her intelligence and asks her questions about her achievements. The woman is involved in a study that is using a ________ research design.

 

1. cross-sectional

Incorrect: In a cross-sectional design, different aged individuals are measured at one specific time.

1. chronological
2. lifespan
3. longitudinal

Correct: In a longitudinal design, the same individuals are repeatedly observed and tested over time.

 

Difficulty:       2

Page Ref:        261-262

Topic: Studying Development

Skill:   Applied

Answer: d. longitudinal

% correct  94     a= 4  b= 0  c= 2  d=  94     r = .50

10.1-4.  One of the advantages of the longitudinal design is that

 

1. the results can be generalized widely to various cohorts.
2. data are not likely to be lost due to participant attrition.

Incorrect: One of the disadvantages to a longitudinal design is that attribution often results in participant dropout over time.

1. all participants have lived through the same socioeconomic period.

Correct: Age-related changes cannot be confused with variations in differing societal circumstances, as they can be if groups or individuals of different ages are tested at the same time.

1. researchers do not need to keep track of participants over extended time periods.

 

Difficulty:       3

Page Ref:        262

Topic: Studying Development

Skill:   Conceptual

Answer: c. all participants have lived through the same socioeconomic period.

10.1-5.  One of your professors tells you that she did a developmental study using a cross-sectional design. You can infer that she compared participants of ________ at ________.

1. the same age; the same time
2. different ages; the same time

Correct: In this way, a researcher can draw conclusions about behavioral differences that may be related to differences in ages.

1. the same age; different times
2. different ages; different times

Incorrect: This would be the definition of a longitudinal study, not a cross-sectional design.

 

Difficulty:       3

Page Ref:        262

Topic: Studying Development

Skill:   Applied

Answer: b. different ages; the same time

% correct   71    a=  2 b=  71 c=  16 d=   10    r = .58

10.1-6.  Imagine that you are using a cross-sectional design to conduct a study on attitudes toward gender equity in the work place. You find that 40-year-old participants are much more resistant to gender equity than are 20-year-old participants. One potential problem that might arise in interpreting the data is that

1. results may be confounded by differences in the experiences of different birth cohorts.

Correct: Social and political conditions experienced by people who were born in different years may be very different from one another depending on the age group.

1. all of the participants were tested for their attitudes at about the same time.
2. substantial data may be lost due to participant attrition.

Incorrect: This is a disadvantage of a longitudinal design, not a cross-sectional design.

1. results may be due to the fact that attitudinal differences are related to differences in age.

 

Difficulty:       2

Page Ref:        262

Topic: Studying Development

Skill:   Conceptual

Answer: a. results may be confounded by differences in the experiences of different birth cohorts.

10.1-7.  At the moment of conception, a male’s sperm cell fertilizes a female’s egg to form the single-cell

 

1. fetus.
2. embryo.
3. neonate.
4. zygote.

 

Difficulty:       2

Page Ref:        263

Topic: Physical Development across the Life Span

Skill:   Factual

Answer: d. zygote.

10.1-8.  Technically, the end of the eighth week following conception marks the beginning stage of the

1. prenatal period.
2. embryo.
3. fetus.
4. neonate.

 

Difficulty:       2

Page Ref:        263

Topic: Physical Development across the Life Span

Skill:   Factual

Answer: c. fetus.

% correct 58      a= 10  b= 29  c= 58  d= 3      r = .41

10.1-9.  In pregnant women, cocaine restricts placental blood flow and oxygen supply to the fetus.  Research suggests that the brain systems most damaged by cocaine are those responsible for

 

1. motor development.
2. speech.
3. controlling attention.
4. vision.

 

Difficulty:       2

Page Ref:        264

Topic: Physical Development across the Life Span

Skill:   Factual

Answer: c. controlling attention

10.1-10.  Imagine what it would be like to be a newborn human infant. You would probably be

 

1. totally helpless and confused.

Incorrect: While this is a commonly-held belief about newborns, they do actually exercise quite a bit of control over their own actions. New parents may not agree, but this is, in fact, the case!

1. capable of making only a few simple responses.
2. totally blind and deaf.
3. capable of responding to and influencing your environment.

Correct: Infants are prewired for survival. They are well suited to respond to adult caregivers and to influence their own environments.

Difficulty:       2

Page Ref:        264

Topic: Physical Development across the Life Span

Skill:   Conceptual

Answer: d. capable of responding to and influencing your environment.