Human Biology 16th Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

Chapter 11 Urinary System

1) How are excretion and defecation alike?
A) Both are carried out by the urinary system.
B) Both eliminate waste from the body.
C) Both are carried out by the digestive system.
D) Both involve the kidneys.
E) Both involve the colon.

Answer: B
Explanation: Excretion removes metabolic waste from the body, while defecation removes undigested food and bacteria from the body.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Excretory/Urinary System
Bloom’s: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Summarize the functions of the urinary system.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

2) The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes, including urea, a by-product of glucose metabolism.

Answer: FALSE
Explanation: Urea is a by-product of amino acid metabolism.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Human Urinary System
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

3) Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?
A) excretion of metabolic wastes
B) maintenance of water-salt balance
C) maintenance of acid-base balance
D) secretion of hormones
E) All of the answer choices are functions of the urinary system.

Answer: E
Explanation: All of the answer choices are functions of the urinary system.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Excretory/Urinary System
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Summarize the functions of the urinary system.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

4) The kidneys are involved in the synthesis of vitamin D, and thereby assist with calcium homeostasis.

Answer: TRUE
Explanation: This is another function of the kidneys. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption from the digestive tract.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Human Urinary System
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

5) Why does urine frequently have an acidic pH?
A) The kidneys filter and excrete H+ from the blood.
B) The kidneys produce H+ in the process of filtering the blood.
C) The blood has an acidic pH and the kidneys produce urine similar to the pH of the blood.
D) There is a high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the urine, making it highly acidic.
E) The kidneys absorb H+ ions and excrete bicarbonate ions.

Answer: A
Explanation: The kidneys remove and excrete excess H+ from the blood in order to maintain a blood pH of 7.4.
Section: 11.04
Topic: Human Urinary System
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.04.03 Explain how the kidneys assist in the maintenance of the pH levels of the blood.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

6) Which of the following is a metabolic waste product?
A) urea
B) ammonia
C) creatinine
D) uric acid
E) All of the answer choices are metabolic waste products.

Answer: E
Explanation: All of the answer choices are metabolic waste products.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Excretory/Urinary System
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

7) The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the pH of the blood.

Answer: FALSE
Explanation: The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the water-salt balance of the blood.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Human Urinary System
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

8) Which of the following organs of the urinary system is the storage area for urine?
A) bladder
B) kidney
C) ureter
D) renal pelvis
E) urethra

Answer: A
Explanation: The bladder will store urine until the urination reflex stimulates an individual to urinate. The kidneys produce the urine. The ureter transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The renal pelvis acts as a funnel, transferring urine to the ureter. The urethra is the tube that releases urine to the outside of the body.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Human Urinary System
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

9) What are the walls of a ureter composed of?
A) skeletal muscle and mucous membrane
B) mucous membrane and fibrous connective tissue
C) mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue
D) skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and cartilage
E) fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and mucous membrane

Answer: C
Explanation: The three layers of the wall of a ureter are a mucous membrane, a smooth muscle layer, and a fibrous connective tissue.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Human Urinary System
Bloom’s: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation

10) How many openings (inputs and outputs) are there in the urinary bladder?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Answer: C
Explanation: There are three openings of the urinary bladder—one for the urethra and two for the ureters.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Human Urinary System
Bloom’s: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation