Human Biology 15th Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

 

Chapter 11: Test Bank Key

1. How are excretion and defecation alike?

A. Both are carried out by the urinary system. B. Both eliminate waste from the body.

C. Both are carried out by the digestive system. D. Both involve the kidneys.

E. Both involve the colon.

Excretion removes metabolic waste from the body, while defecation removes undigested food and bacteria from the body.

2. The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes, including urea, a by-product of glucose metabolism.

FALSE

Urea is a by-product of amino acid metabolism.

3. Which of the following is not a function of the urinary system?

A. excretion of metabolic wastes

B. maintenance of water-salt balance

C. maintenance of acid-base balance

D. maintenance of blood glucose levels

E. secretion of hormones

The urinary system is not involved in the maintenance of blood glucose levels.

 

4. The kidneys are involved in the synthesis of vitamin D, and thereby assist with calcium homeostasis.

TRUE

This is another function of the kidneys. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption from the digestive tract.

5. Why does urine frequently have an acidic pH?

A. The kidneys filter and excrete H+ from the blood.

B. The kidneys produce H+ in the process of filtering the blood.
C. The blood has an acidic pH and the kidneys produce urine similar to the pH of the blood.

D. There is a high concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the urine, making it highly acidic.
E. The kidneys absorb H+ ions and excrete bicarbonate ions.

The kidneys remove and excrete excess H+ from the blood in order to maintain a blood pH of 7.4.

 

6. Which of the following is not a metabolic waste product?

A. urea

B. erythropoietin

C. ammonia

D. creatinine

E. uric acid

Erythropoietin is a hormone secreted by the kidneys.

 

7. The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the pH of the blood.

FALSE

The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the water-salt balance of the blood.

8. Which of the following organs of the urinary system is the storage area for urine?

A. bladder

B. kidney

C. ureter

D. renal pelvis

E. urethra

The bladder will store urine until the urination reflex stimulates an individual to urinate. The kidneys produce the urine. The ureter transfers urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The renal pelvis acts as a funnel, transferring urine to the ureter. The urethra is the tube that releases urine to the outside of the body.

 

9. What are the walls of a ureter composed of?

A. skeletal muscle and mucous membrane

B. mucous membrane and fibrous connective tissue

C. mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue

D. skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and cartilage

E. fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and mucous membrane

The three layers of the wall of a ureter are a mucous membrane, a smooth muscle layer, and a fibrous connective tissue.

 

10. How many openings (inputs and outputs) are there in the urinary bladder?

A. one

B. two

C. three

D. four

E. five

There are three openings of the urinary bladder— one for the urethra and two for the ureters.

 

11. The urethra is controlled by two sphincters, one composed of smooth muscle and one composed of skeletal muscle.

TRUE

The smooth muscle sphincter is involuntarily controlled, while the skeletal muscle one can be voluntarily controlled.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

12. The urethra in females is much longer than in males.

FALSE

The urethra in males averages 20 cm long, while in females it measures 4 cm long.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

13. Which part of the urinary system is shared with the reproductive system in males?

A. bladder

B. ureters

C. kidneys

D. urethra

E. renal pelvis

In males, the urethra conducts urine for the urinary system and semen for the reproductive system.

Blooms Level: 4. Analyze

Learning Outcome: 11.01.02 Identify the organs of the urinary system and state their function.

Section: 11.01

Topic: Human Urinary System

14. Which of the following is not a part of the kidney?

A. hypothalamus

B. cortex

C. medulla

D. pelvis

E. collecting ducts

The hypothalamus is a region of the brain.

Blooms Level: 1. Remember

Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Identify the structures of a human kidney.

Section: 11.02

Topic: Human Urinary System

15. The collecting duct of the nephron originates in what region of the kidney and extends to what region of the kidney?

A. renal cortex to the renal medulla

B. renal cortex to the renal pelvis

C. renal medulla to the renal cortex

D. renal medulla to the renal pelvis

E. renal pelvis to the renal medulla

The collecting duct originates in the renal cortex and extends to the renal pelvis.