Human Biology 14th Edition By Sylvia Mader – Test Bank

True / False Questions

1. The kidneys excrete metabolic wastes, including urea, a by-product of glucose metabolism.
FALSE
Urea is a by-product of amino acid metabolism.

2. The kidneys convert vitamin D and thereby assist calcium homeostasis.
TRUE
This is another function of the kidneys. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption from the digestive tract.

3. The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the pH of the blood.
FALSE
The kidneys help to maintain blood pressure by monitoring the water-salt balance of the blood.

4- . The urethra is controlled by two sphincters, one composed of smooth muscle and one composed of skeletal muscle.
TRUE
The smooth muscle sphincter is involuntarily controlled while the skeletal muscle one can be voluntarily controlled.

5- The urethra in females is much longer than in males.
FALSE
The urethra in males averages 20 cm long, while in females it measures 4 cm long.

6- . The renal pyramids are located within the renal pelvis.
FALSE
The renal pyramids are located within the renal medulla.

7- Each nephron has its own collecting duct.
FALSE
Several nephrons enter the same collecting duct.

8- A nephron is a two-way system with glomerular filtrate traveling back and forth within the nephron.
FALSE
The nephron is a one way system. Filtrate moves from the glomerular capsule through the proximal convoluted tubule to the loop of Henle to the collecting duct.

9- Parts of the nephron are lined with epithelial cells containing large numbers of mitochondria to assist in diffusion.
FALSE
Diffusion is a passive process and does not require energy. The mitochondria assist in active transport.

10- Substances that are nonfilterable in the glomerulus exit the nephron through the afferent arteriole.
FALSE
Substances that are nonfilterable in the glomerulus exit the nephron through the efferent arteriole.