Fundamentals Of General Organic And Biological Chemistry 7th Edition By John E. McMurry – Test Bank

Chapter 11 Nuclear Chemistry

1) All of the statements about nuclear reactions are true except
A) nuclear reactions involve changes in the nucleus of an atom.
B) the rate of a nuclear reaction is increased by the addition of a catalyst.
C) a nuclear reaction is unaffected by the chemical state of the atoms involved.
D) nuclear reactions of the same element vary according to which isotope is involved.
E) energy changes in nuclear reactions are much greater than in ordinary chemical reactions.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 11.1

2) List and describe four differences between nuclear reactions and ordinary chemical reactions.
Answer:
1. A nuclear change involves the nucleus, almost always producing a different element; a chemical change involves the valence electrons.
2. Isotopes of a particular atom differ in their nuclear reactions, but are the same in their chemical reactions.
3. The rate of nuclear reactions is not changed by temperature, pressure, or catalysts. These factors can affect the rate of an ordinary chemical reaction.
4. Nuclear reactions are unaffected by the chemical environment of the element; chemical reactions are greatly affected by the chemical state of the element.
5. The energy changes involved in nuclear reactions are much, much larger than those of ordinary chemical reactions.
Diff: 2
Section: 11.1

3) The term nucleon refers to
A) electrons belonging to an atom that undergoes nuclear decay.
B) electrons that are emitted from a nucleus in a nuclear reaction.
C) the nucleus of a specific isotope.
D) both protons and neutrons.
E) none of these
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Section: 11.1
4) Which is the best description of an alpha particle?
A) charge +2; mass of 4 amu; high penetrating power
B) charge +2; mass of 4 amu; low penetrating power
C) charge -1; mass of 0 amu; medium penetrating power
D) charge -1; mass of 0 amu; high penetrating power
E) charge 0; mass of 0 amu; high penetrating power
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 11.2

5) Which is the best description of a beta particle?
A) charge +2; mass of 4 amu; high penetrating power
B) charge +2; mass of 4 amu; low penetrating power
C) charge -1; mass of 0 amu; medium penetrating power
D) charge -1; mass of 0 amu; high penetrating power
E) charge 0; mass of 0 amu; high penetrating power
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Section: 11.2

6) Which is the best description of gamma radiation?
A) charge +2; mass of 4 amu; high penetrating power
B) charge +2; mass of 4 amu; low penetrating power
C) charge -1; mass of 0 amu; medium penetrating power
D) charge -1; mass of 0 amu; high penetrating power
E) charge 0; mass of 0 amu; high penetrating power
Answer: E
Diff: 1
Section: 11.2

7) Which type of radiation is attracted toward a positive plate?
A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) α and β
E) none of these
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2
8) Which type of radiation is attracted toward a negative plate?
A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) α and β
E) none of these
Answer: A
Diff: 2
Section: 11.2

9) The emission of a particle from an unstable nucleus is called
A) mutation.
B) nuclear decay.
C) fission.
D) fusion.
E) translocation.
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Section: 11.3

10) Which form of radiation is generally considered the most dangerous?
A) γ
B) β
C) α
D) positron
E) all of the above
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Section: 11.2