Developmental Psychology Childhood And Adolescence 9th Edition By Shaffer – Test Bank

CHAPTER 11—DEVELOPMENT OF THE SELF-CONCEPT

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.How a person answers the question, “Who am I?” reveals his or her conception of

a. the learned-helplessness orientation.

b. role-taking.

c. their belief-desire state of mind.

d. the self.

ANS:DDIF:moderateREF:Introductory Section

MSC: Conceptual

2.The thinking people display about the thoughts, feelings, motives, and behaviors of themselves and others is

a. personal agency.

b. social cognition.

c. self-esteem.

d. self-concept.

ANS:BDIF:easyREF:Introductory Section

MSC: Conceptual NOT: New

3.If the self develops through social interactions, then it may reasonably be inferred that the newborn child

a. has an entity view of ability.

b. cannot yet respond to proprioceptive feedback.

c. has a self that is a phenotypic expression of genotype.

d. has not yet developed a self.

ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Conceptual

4.Newborns respond with empathy to other babies’ cries but not to tapes of their own cries. This implies that neonates

a. cannot yet pass the “rouge test” of mirror recognition.

b. enter early into the psychological comparisons phase.

c. show early signs of achievement expectancy.

d. distinguish themselves from others.

ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Factual

5.The fact that newborns can imitate facial expressions seen in others suggests that they are capable of

a. developing a belief-desire theory of mind.

b. using proprioceptive sensory feedback.

c. experiencing identity diffusion at such a young age.

d. having a relational sense of self-worth.

ANS: B DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Factual

6.Two-month-old babies like to jerk a foot and cause a string to move a mobile over the crib. This suggests that the babies have achieved a sense of

a. person praise.

b. social comparison.

c. personal agency.

d. foreclosed identity.

ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Conceptual

7.A slogan for the principle of personal agency would be,

a. “My family guides me into my life’s role.”

b. “I fit into the crowd.”

c. “I cause changes.”

d. “I know I’m great because others say so.”

ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Conceptual

8.The ability to notice oneself in a mirror or photograph is called

a. personal agency.

b. self-recognition.

c. identity foreclosure.

d. the psychological comparisons phase.

ANS: B DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Conceptual

9.In the “rouge test,” the infant demonstrates self-recognition when it

a. approaches and touches its reflected image in the mirror.

b. first touches the rouge spot in its forehead after seeing itself in the mirror.

c. has conflict between the extended and present self.

d. briefly experiences an identity crisis seen by others.

ANS: B DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Factual

10.Gordon Gallup showed that apes respond to the “rouge test” just like older infants do, but monkeys do not. This result implies that

a. even monkeys have a simple theory of mind.

b. personal agency emerges at the level of apes.

c. apes, like humans, have an incremental view of ability.

d. apes have a sense of self-recognition.

ANS: D DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Conceptual

11.Self-recognition in mirrors or photos is achieved by the majority of children by the age interval of

a. two to eight months.

b. nine to 13 months.

c. 14 to 17 months.

d. 18 to 24 months.

ANS: D DIF: difficult REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Factual

12.Two-year-old Jason’s big sister stuck a sticker on his head. Later, he looks at himself in the mirror but does not try to retrieve the sticker off of his own head. Jason’s self-concept is limited to that of the

a. extended self.

b. present self.

c. categorical self.

d. past self.

ANS: B DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Applied NOT: New

13.Mirror self-recognition emerges at the same average age regardless of whether the child has had experience with mirrors. This result implies that self-recognition

a. develops through learning.

b. develops through maturation.

c. develops from supernatural psychic powers.

d. is a relatively useless cognitive skill.

ANS: B DIF: difficult REF: How the Self-Concept Develops

MSC: Conceptual

14.What is “extended” in the extended self?

a. Nurturance is extended from parent to child.

b. Nurturance is extended from child to family pets.

c. The child knows that the self is stable over time.

d. Child-to-child scaffolding help is given to friends.

ANS: C DIF: moderate REF: How the Self-Concept Develops