Anatomy And Physiology From Science To Life, 2nd Edition By Jenkins – Test Bank

1. Most muscles cross at least one
A) tendon B) joint C) bone D) ligament E) body plane
Ans: B Difficulty: easy

2. The attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone is called the __________; the attachment of the muscle’s other tendon to the movable bone is called __________.
A) origin, action B) insertion, action C) origin, insertion D) insertion, origin
Ans: C Difficulty: easy

3. This is an inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding a joint.
A) tenosynovitis D) tendon inflammation
B) tendonitis E) capsule inflammation
C) synovitis
Ans: A Difficulty: medium

4. A lever is acted on at two different points by two different forces which are
A) fulcrum and resistance D) effort and load
B) leverage and load E) lever and effort
C) lever and resistance
Ans: D Difficulty: medium

5. Motion will occur in a muscle when the ______ supplied exceeds the _______.
A) effort, load D) load, resistance
B) resistance, lever E) lever, effort
C) load, effort
Ans: A Difficulty: medium

6. Briefly describe the differences between a mechanical advantage and a mechanical disadvantage.
Ans: A lever operates at a mechanical advantage when a smaller effort can move a heavier load. The effort must move a greater distance or have a longer range of motion and be faster than the load. A lever operates at a mechanical disadvantage when a larger effort moves a lighter load. The effort must move more slowly and for a shorter distance than the load.
Difficulty: medium

7. Briefly distinguish between the lever and the fulcrum. Give an example of each part of the lever system in producing movement.
Ans: A lever is a rigid structure that moves around a fixed point which is the fulcrum. In producing movement, bones act as levers and joints function as fulcrums.
Difficulty: medium

8. Which of the following is not a fascicle arrangement?
A) pennate B) triangular C) oval D) parallel E) fusiform
Ans: C Difficulty: medium

9. This type of fascicle arrangement has the fascicles spread over a broad area and converges at a thick central tendon.
A) triangular B) pennate C) circular D) fusiform E) multipennate
Ans: A Difficulty: medium

10. What is another name for a prime mover?
A) antagonist B) agonist C) synergist D) asynergist E) fixator
Ans: B Difficulty: medium

11. This type of muscle works by stabilizing the origin of a prime mover so that it can act more efficiently.
A) synergist B) agonist C) antagonist D) fixator E) secondary mover
Ans: D Difficulty: medium

12. Distinguish between the effort and the load in regard to leverage. Give an example of where the load and effort are applied in the movement of the arm.
Ans: The effort causes movement and the load resists movement. The force of contraction of the biceps brachii pulling the forearm up is the effort, while the weight of the forearm plus the weight of the object in the hand is the load.
Difficulty: medium

13. Which of the following is not one of the descriptive ways to name a muscle?
A) Size D) Sites of origins
B) Shape E) Number of cells
C) Number of origins
Ans: E Difficulty: medium