Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts And Clinical Perspectives By Capriotti DO MSN CRNP – Test Bank

Chapter 11: Disorders of the Immune System
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 202
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Easy
Heading: Basic Concepts of Immunity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Immunity: Infection

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1 Kupffer cells found in the liver are examples of macrophages. They are not known as granular lymphocytes.
2 Microglial cells in the brain are examples of macrophages. They are not referred to as granular lymphocytes.
3 T cells or T lymphocytes play a vital role in cell-mediated immunity. They are not known as granular lymphocytes.
4 Natural killer cells act as a first-line of defense in the body and are a part of the innate immune system. They contain cytoplasmic granules and are referred to as granular lymphocytes.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity: Infection

2. ANS: 3
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 203
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Easy
Heading: Basic Concepts of Immunity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Immunity: Infection

Feedback
1 The maturation of B lymphocytes occurs in the spleen.
2 B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow.
3 T lymphocytes mature in the thymus glands.
4 B cells, which are also known as B lymphocytes, mature in lymph nodes.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity: Infection

3. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 204
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Easy
Heading: Basic Concepts of Immunity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Immunity: Infection

Feedback
1 Immunoglobulin G is the predominant immunoglobulin produced after a host’s re-exposure to an antigen. IgG comprises 75% to 80% of the total serum immunoglobulins.
2 Immunoglobulin A comprises 7% to 15% of the total serum immunoglobulins. IgA is mainly found in saliva and nasal secretions.
3 Immunoglobulin E is generally present in a low concentration in the blood, but it increases during allergic reactions.
4 Immunoglobulin D comprises only 1% of total serum immunoglobulins.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity: Infection

4. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 204
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Moderate
Heading: Basic Concepts of Immunity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Immunity

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1 During pregnancy, if the mother and fetus have incompatible blood types, IgM antibodies will be developed by the mother against the fetus’s blood cells. However, because of the large size of IgM antibodies, they cannot cross the placenta, and the fetus is protected.
2 During pregnancy, if the mother and fetus have incompatible blood types, IgM antibodies will be developed by the mother against the fetus’s blood cells. The mother will not produce IgG antibodies in the given situation.
3 During pregnancy, if the mother and fetus have incompatible blood types, IgM antibodies will be developed by the mother against the fetus’s blood cells. The mother will not produce IgD antibodies in the given situation.
4 The option “none of the above” is incorrect because IgM antibodies are developed by the mother against the fetus’s blood cells in the given condition.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity

5. ANS: 2
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 204
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Easy
Heading: Basic Concepts of Immunity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Immunity: Infection

Feedback
1 Innate immunity is the natural mechanism of the body that wards off foreign bodies as a first line of defense. Mucous producing cells are part of the body’s innate immunity mechanism.
2 Active acquired adaptive immunity is obtained through exposure to an antigen. It is developed after an individual experiences an illness.
3 Passive acquired adaptive immunity is obtained by an individual after he or she is given pre-made, fully formed antibodies, such as vaccines, against an antigen.
4 The option ‘none of the above” is incorrect because the immunity developed by an individual after he or she experiences an illness is active acquired adaptive immunity.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity: Infection

6. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 205
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Easy
Heading: Basic Concepts of Immunity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Comprehension [Understanding]
Concept: Immunity

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1 When a breastfed infant receives fully formed, maternally produced antibodies through breast milk, the infant acquires passive acquired adaptive immunity.
2 When an individual contracts chicken pox infection, the individual develops active acquired adaptive immunity.
3 After an individual contracts measles infection, the individual develops active acquired adaptive immunity.
4 The option “none of the above’ is incorrect because a newborn acquiring immunity through breast milk is an example of passive acquired adaptive immunity.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity

7. ANS: 1
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 204
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Easy
Heading: Basic Concepts of Immunity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Knowledge [Remembering]
Concept: Immunity

Feedback
1 IgA is mainly found in tears, saliva, nasal secretions, respiratory secretions, and gastrointestinal fluids.
2 IgA comprises only 7% to 15% of the total serum immunoglobulins. It is found more in saliva, nasal secretions, breast milk, and so on.
3 IgG comprises approximately 75% to 85% of the immunoglobulins present in the blood.
4 The answer option “all of the above’ is incorrect because IgA is mainly found in secretions such as tears.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity

8. ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 204
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Difficult
Heading: Basic Concepts of Immunity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Evaluation [Evaluating]
Concept: Immunity

Feedback
1 Passive acquired adaptive immunity can be acquired immediately after administration of a vaccine or immunoglobulin.
2 Passive acquired adaptive immunity is a short-term immunity compared to active acquired adaptive immunity, which is a long-lasting immunity.
3 In active acquired adaptive immunity, the body recognizes the antigens and remembers the antigen, whereas in passive acquired adaptive immunity, the body does not remember the antigen. It is not associated with immunologic memory.
4 The answer option “all of the above” is correct because all the answer options are characteristics of passive acquired adaptive immunity.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity

9. ANS: 3
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 206
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Moderate
Heading: Vaccines
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Immunity: Infection

Feedback
1 The test result does not indicate that the client has been exposed to rubella. A positive IgM indicates that the client has been exposed to rubella recently.
2 The test result does not indicate the client has developed rubella infection. A positive IgG indicates that the client has been exposed to rubella in the past and is immune to rubella.
3 The test result indicates that the client needs to be given the rubella vaccine because the client has never developed immunity to rubella.
4 The test result does not indicate the client is immune to rubella.

PTS: 1 CON: Immunity: Infection

10. ANS: 4
Chapter: Chapter 11, Disorders of the Immune System
Page: 208
Objective: N/A
Difficulty: Moderate
Heading: Hypersensitivity
Integrated Processes: Nursing Process
Client Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation
Cognitive Level: Application [Applying]
Concept: Infection: Skin Integrity: Immunity

Feedback
1 Type I immediate hypersensitivity is an allergic reaction that develops on re-exposure to an antigen. The development of allergic rhinitis when an individual is exposed to mold I is an example of type I immediate hypersensitivity.
2 In type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity, the immunoglobulins target the cells coated with antigens. Phagocytosis and antibody-mediated cell destruction occur in type II hypersensitivity reactions.
3 Type III immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity occurs when antigen combines with the immunoglobulins in the bloodstream and is deposited in the tissues, resulting in organ dysfunction.
4 Type IV delayed hypersensitivity is a cell-mediated immune response that takes at least two days to develop after an exposure to an antigen. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction occurs with exposure to poison ivy. The client has developed delayed hypersensitivity.

PTS: 1 CON: Infection: Skin Integrity: Immunity